| 姜贺彬.迷走神经刺激在神经系统疾病中的作用机制及治疗研究进展[J].内科急危重症杂志,2026,32(5):501-506 |
| 迷走神经刺激在神经系统疾病中的作用机制及治疗研究进展 |
| Advances in the mechanisms of action and therapeutic applications of vagus nerve stimulation in neurological disorders |
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| DOI：10.11768/nkjwzzzz.202511151647 |
| 中文关键词: 神经系统 迷走神经刺激 作用机制 研究进展 |
| 英文关键词: Nervous system Vagus nerve stimulation Mechanisms of action Research progress |
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| 摘要点击次数: 9 |
| 全文下载次数: 10 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 摘要 迷走神经是连接大脑与外周器官的重要桥梁，参与神经、免疫、内分泌系统调控，其功能异常与多种神经系统疾病密切相关。本综述围绕迷走神经刺激（VNS）的作用机制及临床应用，聚焦其调控神经系统疾病的核心分子机制，以及在癫痫、抑郁症、缺血性脑卒中、阿尔茨海默病（AD）、帕金森病（PD）中的治疗价值与研究进展。研究表明，VNS主要通过激活去甲肾上腺素能系统、调控脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）及其受体（TrkB）表达、改善神经可塑性、抑制中枢神经炎症四大途径发挥治疗作用。临床显示，VNS已获美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准用于癫痫、抑郁症治疗及缺血性脑卒中后肢体运动功能康复，疗效明确；在AD与PD中，临床及动物实验证实其可改善神经功能、延缓疾病进展，但尚未获批常规临床应用。本文系统梳理相关研究，为临床实践、方案优化及后续科研提供参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Abstract The vagus nerve forms an important link between the brain and peripheral organs and participates in the regulation of the nervous, immune, and endocrine systems. Its dysfunction is closely associated with various neurological disorders. This review focuses on the mechanisms of action and clinical applications of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), highlighting the core molecular mechanisms through which VNS modulates neurological disorders, as well as its therapeutic value and research advances in epilepsy, depression, ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Studies have shown that VNS exerts therapeutic effects through four main pathways: activation of the noradrenergic system, regulation of the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor TrkB, enhancement of neuroplasticity, and suppression of central neuroinflammation. Clinically, VNS has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of epilepsy and depression and for the rehabilitation of limb motor function after ischemic stroke, with established efficacy. In AD and PD, clinical and animal studies have demonstrated that VNS can improve function and slow disease progression, although it has not been approved for routine clinical use in these conditions. This review summarizes relevant studies to inform clinical practice, treatment optimization, and future research. |
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