| Abstract In 2025, the British Medical Journal (BMJ) released a dynamic clinical practice guideline on the cardiovascular, renal, and weight-loss effects of pharmacological treatments for type 2 diabetes. This guideline provides risk-stratified assessments of the cardiovascular, renal, and weight-loss benefits of four drug classes: sodium-dependent glucose transporters 2 inhibitor, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, finerenone, and tirzepatide. Breaking away from the traditional glucose-centric treatment model, the guideline innovatively adopts a risk stratification approach based on patients’ future risk of cardiorenal complications. It weighs the benefits, risks, and burdens of treatment from the individual patient’s perspective and offers graded recommendations. This article systematically interprets the development methodology, risk stratification logic, drug recommendations, and clinical practice value of the guideline, aiming to provide clear practical guidance for clinicians. |
